International Journal of Ecology and Environmental Sciences
Physicochemical Characterization of the Breeding Habitats of Aedes Mosquito Species in the Southern Districts of West Bengal, India.
Abstract
Aedes sp. are considered to be the primary vector for the transmission of arboviral diseases including Dengue fever. Infections are reported from new areas of the state of West Bengal indicating the dispersal of the vectors. Physicochemical factors of the container habitats influence the oviposition behaviour of the mosquito and the larval density. The information on distribution of the vector is essential for designing and implementing any vector control strategy effectively. Cross sectional random samplings were done from 65 locations of 13 districts in the southern region of the state of West Bengal, India. The potential habitats were located, water sample from those habitats as well as the mosquito life stage were collected for further study. There were more prevalence of Aedes albopictus (81.33%) in comparison to Aedes aegypti (14.67%) in the region, whereas in a few location we found co-occurrence(4.00%). The mean larval density of the districts shows statistically significant difference (p<0.05). A strong positive correlation was found between the larval density and conductivity (Pearson’s correlation coefficient, r = 0.57), TDS (r = 0.56) and Nitrite-Nitrate (NO2-NO3) concentration (r = 0.51) of the water of the container habitats. Strong negative correlation (r = -0.59) was observed between larval density and Cl- concentration. Principal component analysis revealed a four component solution explaining a total of 64.1% of the variance, with Component 1, 2, 3 and 4 contributing 31.8%, 13.6%, 10.3% and 8.4% respectively. The study revealed the distribution of Aedes mosquitoes in the study region, its dispersal, successful thriving and tolerance to a wide range of physicochemical parameters in the region of the southern West Bengal, which certainly have implications to the prevailing vector control measures. Environmental manipulation with respect to certain parameters may be helpful in vector control and preventing the outbreak of dengue in future.
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